Centre for Governance Studies, Dhaka

Annex IV

Additional Tables and Figures

Survey Results by Question

Age

Age Range (Years) Count % of Total Cumulative %
18–30 216 42.9% 42.9%
31–45 146 29.0% 71.9%
46–60 100 19.8% 91.7%
61 and above 42 8.3% 100.0%
504 out of 505 respondents answered this question

Gender

Gender Count % of Total Cumulative %
Female 227 45.0% 45.0%
Male 277 55.0% 100.0%
504 out of 505 respondents answered this question.

Division

Division Count % of Total Cumulative %
Barishal 26 5.2% 5.2%
Chattogram 141 28.0% 33.1%
Dhaka 46 9.1% 42.3%
Khulna 75 14.9% 57.1%
Mymensingh 40 7.9% 65.1%
Rajshahi 55 10.9% 76.0%
Rangpur 31 6.2% 82.1%
Sylhet 90 17.9% 100.0%
504 out of 505 respondents answered this question.

District

District Count % of Total Cumulative %
Bandarban 44 8.7% 8.7%
Barguna 4 0.8% 9.5%
Barishal 10 2.0% 11.5%
Bhola 2 0.4% 11.9%
Brahmanbaria 1 0.2% 12.1%
Chapainawabganj 13 2.6% 14.7%
Chattogram 9 1.8% 16.5%
Cox’s Bazar 1 0.2% 16.7%
Dhaka 45 8.9% 25.6%
Dinajpur 28 5.6% 31.2%
Gazipur 1 0.2% 31.3%
Jashore 16 3.2% 34.5%
Jhalokati 5 1.0% 35.5%
Khagrachhari 32 6.3% 41.9%
Khulna 32 6.3% 48.2%
Moulvibazar 35 6.9% 55.2%
Mymensingh 33 6.5% 61.7%
Naogaon 21 4.2% 65.9%
Netrokona 7 1.4% 67.3%
Patuakhali 1 0.2% 67.5%
Pirojpur 4 0.8% 68.3%
Rajshahi 21 4.2% 72.4%
Rangamati 54 10.7% 83.1%
Rangpur 3 0.6% 83.7%
Satkhira 27 5.4% 89.1%
Sunamganj 15 3.0% 92.1%
Sylhet 40 7.9% 100.0%
504 out of 505 respondents answered this question.

Community / Ethnicity

Community / Ethnicity Count % of Total Cumulative %
Other 143 28.4% 28.4%
Tea Garden Workers 32 6.3% 34.7%
Scheduled Communities 11 2.2% 36.9%
Dalit 24 4.8% 41.7%
Panjum Workers 18 3.6% 45.2%
Hill Indigenous Peoples 130 25.8% 71.0%
Plains Indigenous Peoples 146 29.0% 100.0%
504 out of 505 respondents answered this question.

Religion

Religion Count % of Total Cumulative %
Hindu 246 48.8% 48.8%
Other 18 3.6% 52.4%
Christian 156 31.0% 83.3%
Buddhist 84 16.7% 100.0%
504 out of 505 respondents answered this question.

Educational Qualification

Educational Qualification Count % of Total Cumulative %
Bachelor’s / Master’s Degree 189 37.5% 37.5%
Higher Secondary 123 24.4% 62.0%
Secondary 89 17.7% 79.7%
Primary 64 12.7% 92.4%
No Formal Education 39 7.7% 100.0%
Educational Qualification Count % of Total Cumulative %
504 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (1 were without data.)

Have You Dropped Out of the Formal Education System?

Have You Dropped Out of the Formal Education System? Count % of Total Cumulative %
Dropped out due to poverty 135 27.7% 27.7%
Never dropped out at any stage of formal education 222 45.5% 73.2%
Dropped out previously but later returned to formal education 20 4.1% 77.3%
Could not complete formal education due to family reasons 111 22.7% 100.0%
488 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (17 were without data.)

Profession

Profession Count % of Total Cumulative %
Student 89 17.7% 17.7%
Housewife 78 15.5% 33.1%
Private Sector Employee / NGO Worker 59 11.7% 44.8%
Other 55 10.9% 55.8%
Farmer 50 9.9% 65.7%
Small Business Owner / Entrepreneur 33 6.5% 72.2%
Laborer 29 5.8% 78.0%
Teacher 25 5.0% 82.9%
Government Employee 22 4.4% 87.3%
Sharecropper (Landless Farmer) 15 3.0% 90.3%
Domestic Worker 13 2.6% 92.9%
Retired 7 1.4% 94.2%
Sanitation Worker 6 1.2% 95.4%
Journalist 6 1.2% 96.6%
Health Worker / Nurse / Aya / Midwife 6 1.2% 97.8%
Rickshaw Puller / Van Puller / Driver 5 1.0% 98.8%
Handicraft Worker 4 0.8% 99.6%
Hawker 1 0.2% 99.8%
Doctor 1 0.2% 100.0%
504 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (1 were without data.)

Have You Ever Voted in a National or Local Election?

Have You Ever Voted in a National or Local Count % o f Cumulative % l
Election? Tota
No 67 13.3% 13.3%
Yes 437 86.7% 100.0%
504 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (1 were without data.)

If You Have Voted, How Many Times Have You Voted in National Parliamentary Elections?

If You Have Voted, How Many Times Have You Voted in National Count % of Cumulative
Parliamentary Elections? Total %
More than 3 times 158 36.7% 36.7%
2–3 times 151 35.0% 71.7%
Once 122 28.3% 100.0%
431 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (74 were without data.)

If You Have Voted, How Many Times Have You Voted in Local Government Elections?

If You Have Voted, How Many Times Have You Voted in Local Government Elections? Count % of Cumulative
Total %
2–3 times 171 39.8% 39.8%
More than 3 times 164 38.1% 77.9%
Once 95 22.1% 100.0%
430 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (75 were without data.)

Have You Faced Any Problems While Becoming a Voter?

Have You Faced Any Problems While Becoming a Voter? Count % of Total Cumulative %
No 421 84.7% 84.7%
Yes 76 15.3% 100.0%
497 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (8 were without data.)

15. If yes, what kind of problems occurred? (You can select one or more)

If yes, what kind of problems occurred? (You Total Appearances in Responses
can select one or more)
Long distance and transportation difficulties 32
Administrative complexity 29
Security-related fear or threat 16
Political pressure 12
Bribery or other unethical demands 10
Language barriers 9
Family or social pressure 8
74 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (431 were without data.)

How Actively Do You Participate in Political Discussions or Informal Gatherings in Your Area?

How Actively Do You Participate in Political Discussions or Informal Count % of Cumulative
Gatherings in Your Area? Total %
Detached: I avoid political discussions altogether 176 35.1% 35.1%
Passive: I listen to discussions but avoid expressing my own views 141 28.1% 63.3%
Cautious participant: I discuss politics only with trusted or close individuals 84 16.8% 80.1%
Active listener: I like to listen and occasionally share my opinion 83 16.6% 96.7%
Active speaker: I initiate political discussions and actively debate with 17 3.4% 100.0%
others
501 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (4 were without data.)

How Interested Are You in Participating or Voting in the Upcoming National Election?

How Interested Are You in Participating or Voting in the Upcoming Count % of Cumulative
National Election? Total %
Somewhat interested (will vote if conditions are favorable) 155 30.8% 30.8%
Undecided (will decide after observing the situation) 153 30.4% 61.2%
Very interested (will definitely vote) 93 18.5% 79.7%
Unwilling (do not feel the need to vote) 54 10.7% 90.4%
Feeling insecure (do not want to vote due to fear or threat) 48 9.5% 100.0%
503 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (2 were without data.)

If the answer is Unwilling or Feeling insecure, what are the probable reasons? (You can select one or more)

If the answer is negative, what are the probable reasons? (You can select one or more)
Reason Total Appearances in
Responses
Fear of violence or attacks on election day or after 38
I feel that voting will not impact the result (The result is predetermined) 21
Past representatives did not keep promises 18
Preferred political party is not participating in the election 15
Dislike or lack of confidence in any competing candidate 10
Disappointment due to vote-buying or unethical practices 7
78 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (427 were without data.)

How Aware Are You regarding Bangladesh’s politics and political parties?

How Aware Are You regarding Bangladesh’s politics and political Count % of Cumulative
parties? Total %
Moderately aware: I know about major political events but do not engage 170 33.9% 33.9%
in deep analysis
Slightly aware: I occasionally get information or know what I see on social 142 28.3% 62.2%
media
Not aware: I do not follow political news or have no interest in politics 121 24.1% 86.3%
Very aware: I regularly follow political news and know party activities in 69 13.7% 100.0%
detail
502 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (3 were without data.)

From which medium do you collect political news? (You can select one or more)

From which medium do you collect political news? (You can select one Total Appearances in
or more) Responses
Social media (Facebook, YouTube, TikTok, etc.) 314
Television or radio news 221
Social gatherings (tea stalls, neighborhoods, clubs, etc.) 159
Daily newspapers 109
Other sources 71
496 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (9 were without data.)

Are You Aware of the Names of All Candidates in Your Area and Their Political Backgrounds for the Upcoming National Election?

Are You Aware of the Names of All Candidates in Your Area and Their Count % of Cumulative
Political Backgrounds for the Upcoming National Election? Total %
No, I am not familiar with all candidates or the ideologies of political parties 235 46.9% 46.9%
I do not know all candidates, but I am aware of the political ideologies 155 30.9% 77.8%
Yes, I know all candidates and am aware of all political ideologies 111 22.2% 100.0%
501 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (4 were without data.)

22. Which factors regarding the candidate do you consider while voting? (You can select one or more)

Rank Factor Count Percentage (%)
1 Candidate’s role or plans in developing roads, schools, hospitals, etc. 307 61.2%
2 Candidate’s accessibility and sincerity toward ordinary people 280 55.8%
3 Candidate’s ethics and honesty 257 51.2%
4 Existence of a clear plan to reduce unemployment in the area 215 42.8%
5 How realistic the candidate’s election manifesto or promises are 205 40.8%
6 Candidate’s formal education and knowledge 193 38.4%
7 Candidate’s political party and ideology 148 29.5%
8 Previous experience in politics or public service 121 24.1%
9 Prioritizing personal qualifications, honesty, and personality over party 90 17.9%
ideology
10 Whether the candidate’s party ideology aligns with the respondent’s beliefs 79 15.7%
11 Candidate’s familiarity (relative or known in society) 77 15.3%
12 Whether the candidate is accused of corruption or criminal activities 61 12.2%
13 Prioritizing party ideology and symbol over the individual candidate 36 7.2%
14 Candidate’s financial influence or donations 31 6.2%
15 Support from local leaders or influential people 30 6.0%
502 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (3 were without data.)

Are You Aware of Your Rights as a Voter (Regarding Casting Your Vote)?

Are You Aware of Your Rights as a Voter (Regarding Casting Your Count % of Total Cumulative %
Vote)?
Yes, I am aware 439 88.7% 88.7%
No, I am not aware 56 11.3% 100.0%
495 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (10 were without data.)

Are you aware of election irregularities (unethical money transactions, forcibly stopping from voting, capturing polling centers, etc.)?

Are you aware of election irregularities (unethical money transactions, Count % of Total Cumulative
forcibly stopping from voting, capturing polling centers, etc.)? %
Yes, I am aware 328 66.1% 66.1%
No, I am not aware 168 33.9% 100.0%
496 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (9 were without data.)

Are you aware of where/to whom to complain if any irregularity or violence occurs during the election?

Are you aware of where/to whom to complain if any irregularity or violence occurs during the election? Count % of Cumulative
Total %
Yes, I am aware 301 60.6% 60.6%
No, I am not aware 196 39.4% 100.0%
497 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (8 were without data.)

26. If any irregularity occurs during the election, what will be your immediate reaction? (You can select one or more)

If any irregularity occurs during the election, what will be your immediate
reaction? (You can select one or more)
Rank Immediate Reaction Count Percentage
(%)
1 Inform the polling station officials 287 57.2%
2 Inform local administration 238 47.4%
3 Inform security forces 214 42.6%
4 Remain silent 102 20.3%
5 Inform local political leaders 97 19.3%
6 Protest 69 13.7%
7 Inform media personnel 63 12.5%
8 Share on social media (Facebook, TikTok, YouTube, etc.) 56 11.2%
480 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (25 were without data.)

If you observe silence, what are the main reasons behind it? (You can select one or more)

Reasons Count Percentage (%)
Fear of physical or psychological harm to oneself or family if protesting 58 55.8
Fear of legal complications or police harassment if involved in disputes 45 43.3
Preference to maintain personal peace and avoid conflict or confrontation 45 43.3
Fear of damaging relationships with neighbors or influential groups in the area 33 31.7
Fear of retaliation from ruling or influential groups 31 29.8
Lack of clear knowledge about where or to whom complaints should be reported 25 24.0
Perception that filing complaints would not lead to justice or remedies 16 15.4
Perceiving politics as a “dirty arena” and choosing to stay away from it 16 15.4
Lack of trust in the neutrality of the Election Commission or administration 10 9.6
103 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (402 were without data.)

Were the previously elected public representatives aware of and sincere about your community’s problems?

Were the previously elected public representatives aware of and sincere Count % of Cumulative
about your community’s problems? Total %
Aware but lacked sincerity: They knew the issues but took little initiative to 162 32.5% 32.5%
resolve them
Partially aware: They knew some general issues but did not engage deeply 137 27.5% 60.0%
Disconnected: There was no communication after they were elected 73 14.6% 74.6%
Fully aware and highly sincere: They knew our problems and regularly tried 71 14.2% 88.8%
to address them
Not aware at all: They had little understanding of our area’s or community’s 56 11.2% 100.0%
problems
499 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (6 were without data.)

Did the public representatives of your area give importance to the main problems of your area in their election campaigns?

Did the public representatives of your area give importance to the main Count % of Cumulative
problems of your area in their election campaigns? Total %
Gave nominal importance: Discussed core issues superficially without 179 35.9% 35.9%
presenting concrete plans
Gave partial importance: Addressed some major issues but ignored many 168 33.7% 69.6%
important local problems
Fully prioritized: The main problems of our area were central to their 77 15.4% 85.0%
campaign
Did not prioritize at all: Focused more on political rivalry or personal 75 15.0% 100.0%
achievements than public issues
499 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (6 were without data.)

Do You Think There Are Sufficient Numbers of Candidates from Minority Communities in the Upcoming National Election?

Do You Think There Are Sufficient Numbers of Candidates from Count % of Cumulative
Minority Communities in the Upcoming National Election? Total %
No, insufficient: Despite having qualified candidates, major parties did not 172 35.0% 35.0%
nominate enough minority candidates
Very few: The number of candidates is so low that it does not ensure real 161 32.7% 67.7%
representation
Fewer than last time: Compared to previous elections, the number of 109 22.2% 89.9%
minority candidates has decreased
Yes, sufficient: The number of candidates is adequate relative to the minority 50 10.2% 100.0%
population
492 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (13 were without data.)

Have You or Your Family Ever Faced Any Form of Discrimination While Participating in the Political or Electoral Process?

Have You or Your Family Ever Faced Any Form of Discrimination Count % of Cumulative
While Participating in the Political or Electoral Process? Total %
No comments 203 40.6% 40.6%
No, our area has strong social harmony and equal rights 129 25.8% 66.4%
Yes, our demands are consistently ignored politically 71 14.2% 80.6%
No, we feel safe due to administrative neutrality 64 12.8% 93.4%
Yes, we faced obstacles in exercising voting rights or reaching polling 21 4.2% 97.6%
centers
Yes, we experienced discrimination in obtaining party nominations as 12 2.4% 100.0%
candidates
500 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (5 were without data.)

How Safe Do You Feel When Participating in Elections?

How Safe Do You Feel When Participating in Elections? Count % of Total Cumulative %
Somewhat anxious: I feel safe if the environment is favorable, but remain 251 50.7% 50.7%
worried
Completely safe: I can go to the polling center without fear 116 23.4% 74.1%
Unsafe: Due to past experiences or the surrounding situation, I feel at risk 64 12.9% 87.0%
Extremely unsafe: Due to lack of security, I refrain from participating in 64 12.9% 100.0%
elections
495 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (10 were without data.)

Have You Ever Filed a Complaint Regarding Political Harassment or Threats?

Have You Ever Filed a Complaint Regarding Political Harassment or Count % of Cumulative
Threats? Total %
No, I have never faced such a situation 341 70.7% 70.7%
No, I remained silent and avoided the incident 106 22.0% 92.7%
Yes, I informed socially or within the family (local elders, councilors, 14 2.9% 95.6%
community leaders)
Yes, I reported to the relevant authorities (Election Commission or local 9 1.9% 97.5%
administration)
Yes, I informed law-enforcement agencies (police or filed a GD/case) 7 1.5% 99.0%
Yes, I disclosed it through media or online platforms 5 1.0% 100.0%
482 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (23 were without data.)

34. If you did not complain after being a victim of or witnessing political violence in the past, what are the probable reasons? (You can select one or more)

Reason Count Percentage
(%)
Lack of security: fear of further physical or psychological harm after filing a 174 48.7
complaint
Fear of loss of confidentiality or social stigma if identity was disclosed 117 32.8
Lack of support from family, community, or law enforcement agencies 106 29.7
Lack of trust in the legal system and belief that complaints would not lead to effective 102 28.6
action
Avoidance of lengthy procedures and legal harassment 97 27.2
Political and social influence: belief that the opposing group was too powerful for 72 20.2
complaints to be effective
357 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (148 were without data.)

Do You Think There Are Any Barriers or Obstacles in Your Political Participation or Practice of Political Rights?

Do You Think There Are Any Barriers or Obstacles in Your Political Count % of Cumulative
Participation or Practice of Political Rights? Total %
I do not wish to comment on this matter 182 36.5% 36.5%
No, there are no barriers to our participation, and we receive equal rights 84 16.8% 53.3%
There are no direct barriers, but the social environment is not conducive to 152 30.5% 83.8%
political engagement
Yes, we face unwritten barriers to entering political leadership 47 9.4% 93.2%
Yes, we face direct insecurity and threats 34 6.8% 100.0%
499 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (6 were without data.)

36. What are the main demands or expectations from your community to ensure an inclusive election?

Ensuring Full Safety of Our Community’s Life and Property Before, Count % of Cumulative
During, and After the Election Total %
Highest Priority 295 60.3% 60.3%
High Priority 55 11.2% 71.6%
Medium Priority 29 5.9% 77.5%
Low-Medium Priority 45 9.2% 86.7%
Mild Priority 65 13.3% 100.0%
489 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (16 were without data.)
Ensuring a Fully Neutral Role by the Election Commission, Police, and Count % of Cumulative
Local Administration Total %
Medium Priority 113 23.5% 23.5%
Highest Priority 104 21.7% 45.2%
High Priority 99 20.6% 65.8%
Low-Medium Priority 92 19.2% 85.0%
Mild Priority 72 15.0% 100.0%
480 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (25 were without data.)
Providing Sufficient Party Nominations for Qualified Candidates and Count % of Cumulative
Ensuring Participation at the Policy-Making Level Total %
Mild Priority 103 21.8% 21.8%
Medium Priority 101 21.4% 43.2%
Highest Priority 95 20.1% 63.3%
High Priority 90 19.0% 82.3%
Low-Medium Priority 84 17.8% 100.0%
473 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (32 were without data.)
Written Commitments in Political Parties’ Election Manifestos to Count % of Cumulative
Address the Fundamental Issues of Our Community Total %
Mild Priority 104 21.8% 21.8%
Low-Medium Priority 108 22.6% 44.4%
Medium Priority 86 18.0% 62.4%
High Priority 88 18.4% 80.8%
Highest Priority 91 19.1% 100.0%
477 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (28 were without data.)
Strict Ban on Statements or Campaigns That Spread Religious or Count % of Cumulative
Ethnic Hatred Total %
Mild Priority 102 21.2% 21.2%
Low-Medium Priority 64 13.3% 34.5%
Medium Priority 64 13.3% 47.8%
High Priority 73 15.1% 62.9%
Highest Priority 179 37.1% 100.0%
482 out of 505 respondents answered this question. (23 were without data.)

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